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The Allusionist

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A PODCAST ABOUT LANGUAGE
BY HELEN ZALTZMAN

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The Allusionist

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Allusionist 229. Draculae part 3: Hunting Down the Count transcript

June 9, 2026 The Allusionist
A boggle set spelling out Draculae 3

IRIS ICHISHITA: There's so many different ways to try and understand this text. And there are so many different pieces of evidence that point us in these different directions. Is it fan fiction? Is it pirated fiction? Is it pastiche? Is it creative licence, creative liberty? Is it an alternate version? Could it have been Bram Stoker's original version, his director's cut? What are these texts in relationship to each other?
HZ: Well, they are first cousins, I'd say?
IRIS ICHISHITA: Yeah, yeah. If not shadowy twins.
HZ: Maybe it's more like identity theft.

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In transcript Tags Draculae, arts, history, literature, books, fiction, novels, Bram Stoker, Dracula, vampires, Iceland, Sweden, Icelandic, Swedish, Powers of Darkness, Makt Myrkranna, Mörkrets makter, Iris Ichishita, Will Trimble, Hans de Roos, translation, cover versions, fan fiction, adaptation, Count Dracula, blood, transfusion, hypnotism, hypnosis, copyright, serialisation, mysteries, Florence Stoker, films, Nosferatu, lawsuits, rights, theatre, plays, Bela Lugosi, censorship, Sherlock Holmes, Victorian, sex, piracy, bearbetning, jeremiad

Allusionist 228. Draculae part 2: Surprises in the Vaults transcript

May 26, 2026 The Allusionist
a boggle set spelling out the words Draculae 2

ÁSGEIR JÓNSSON: It is very different from the Dracula that we know. First of all, it is a more political thing. Dracula is discussing socialism and anarchism. And he seems to be preparing a revolution, which in many ways is similar ideas that you would later see with Fascism and Nazism, where he basically says that the powerful should dominate the weaker. And secondly, it is much more graphic. You have a much greater number of female vampires, and you have a much more graphic scenes of sex and violence that Count Dracula is actually taking part in.

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In transcript Tags Draculae, arts, society, culture, literature, books, fiction, novels, Bram Stoker, Dracula, vampires, Iceland, Sweden, Icelandic, Swedish, Powers of Darkness, Makt Myrkranna, Mörkrets makter, Valdimar Asmundsson, Rickard Berghorn, Will Trimble, Asgeir Jonsson, Hans de Roos, translation, Google Translate, cover versions, fan fiction, adaptation, Count Dracula, copyright, Twilight, serialisation, spon, vorlage

Allusionist 227. Draculae part 1: Enter the Castle transcript

May 12, 2026 The Allusionist

A literary mystery about the novel Dracula came to me via a meme, just as Dracula came to Whitby in a box of soil in a ship. The meme said something like, “Someone translated Dracula into Icelandic, and it took over 100 years for anyone to point out he just made a fanfic rewrite of what he wanted the story to be.” 

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In transcript Tags Draculae, arts, society, culture, literature, books, fiction, novels, Bram Stoker, Dracula, vampires, Iceland, Sweden, Icelandic, Swedish, Powers of Darkness, Makt Myrkranna, Mörkrets makter, Valdimar Asmundsson, Rickard Berghorn, Hans de Roos, translation, cover versions, fan fiction, adaptation, Count Dracula, nutation

Allusionist 218. Banned Books transcript

October 8, 2025 The Allusionist
A boggle grid spelling out the words 'banned books'

SAM HELMICK: Censorship is a hammer looking for a nail, my friends. And someday, you will be that nail too, unless we all decide that we're going to unite against book bans today.

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In transcript Tags arts, society, culture, words, language, Iris Mogul, Sam Helmick, books, literature, law, novels, fiction, banned books, book bans, Banned Books Week, libraries, librarians, library, teachers, schools, Forrest Spaulding, ALA, American Library Association, Iowa, World War One, First World War, USA, free speech, liberty, censorship, intellectual freedom, First Amendment, oppression, Judy Blume, Stephen King, Toni Morrison, James Baldwin, Louise Erdrich, Forever, Deenie, Where’s Waldo, Where’s Wally, Tipper Gore, Satanic Panic, Mein Kampf, chilling effect, German, Babel Proclamation, bans, sauerkraut, renaming, rubella, Nineteen Eighty-Four, Friday Night Lights, Lady Chatterley’s Lover, history, queer, trans, LGBTQIIA+, gender, sexuality, race, BIPOC, politics, offence, social justice, explicit lyrics, parental guidance, Library Bill of Rights, quintain

Allusionist 167 Bonus 2022 transcript

December 16, 2022 The Allusionist

TIM CLARE: Hippocampus, meaning ‘horse’ because it looks like a a sea horse, right? …Oh, don't look at them! They look absolutely terrifying!
HZ: I I've never seen a hippocampus, so I don't know. 
TIM CLARE: There is a real David Cronenberg-like element to them.

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In transcript Tags words, language, linguistics, education, society & culture, arts, literature, lexicon, vocabulary, etymology, history, Stephanie Foo, Morenike Giwa Onaiwu, Tim Clare, Jing Tsu, Hannah McGregor, Jolenta Greenberg, Kristen Meinzer, Lewis Raven Wallace, Charlotte Lydia Riley, brain, mental heath, autism, ASD, neurodiverse, almonds, tonsils, Little Women, Louisa May Allcott, sentiment, sentimentality, British Empire, empire, revisionism, nostalgia, transcription, transcripts, therapy, psychology, Chinese, wordplay, protest, homophones, grass mud horse, censorship, Judy Singer, neurotypical, journalism, migrants, migration, bias, historians, Second World War, World War Two, books, novels, Jo March, What Katy Did, Susan Coolidge, Rebecca, hack, life hacks, computing, programming, allistic, amygdala, hippocampus, life hack, neuro- neurodiversity, washin, worry, bonus, bonus episode

Allusionist 166 Fiona part 2 transcript

December 5, 2022 The Allusionist

HARRY JOSIE GILES: I don't think that anyone should come away from this conversation not wanting to use the name Fiona. I think this is a beautiful and rich history. It might not be quite the history that you imagined, but I think it's a beautiful history.

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In transcript Tags words, language, linguistics, education, society & culture, arts, literature, lexicon, vocabulary, etymology, history, Harry Josie Giles, Moll Heaton-Callaway, Fiona, Fiona Macleod, William Sharp, Elizabeth Sharp, Wilfion, Willfion, Scotland, Scottish, Gaelic, Celtic Revival, Celtic, Celticism, Highlands, Lowlands, Flora, Ffion, Fionnuala, Finn, white, poetry, novels, letters, correspondence, handwriting, LGBTQIA+, pseudonyms, alter egos, trans, gender, gender fluidity, authors, publishing, writers, writing, colonisation, colonial, cultural appropriation, authenticity, James Macpherson, Tales of Ossian, translation, myths, Irish, names, boats, Sharon Krossa, Caledonian Antisyzygy, Wikipedia, hyperbaton

Allusionist 165 Fiona part 1 transcript

November 22, 2022 The Allusionist

HARRY JOSIE GILES: Fiona is a name I think now that still has a slightly romantic, slightly historical Scottish feel. I think everyone thinks it's an old Scottish name, but it's not an old Scottish name!

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In transcript Tags arts, literature, lexicon, vocabulary, etymology, history, Harry Josie Giles, Moll Heaton-Callaway, Fiona Macleod, William Sharp, Elizabeth Sharp, Wilfion, Scotland, Scottish, Gaelic, Celtic Revival, Celtic, Highlands, Lowlands, WB Yeats, poetry, novels, letters, correspondence, handwriting, LGBTQIA+, pseudonyms, alter egos, trans, gender, gender fluidity, Elena Ferrante, authors, publishing, writers, writing, cultural appropriation, names, naming, census, records, boats, celsitude

Allusionist 161 Sentiment transcript

September 23, 2022 The Allusionist

SANDHYA DIRKS: When we talk about empathy: the idea that you can get outside of yourself, that we can imagine someone else's experience is so audacious, because human beings are not that freaking imaginative. I mean, like a unicorn is just a horse with a horn! We did not go that far to get to our most magical creature. We just like grafted two things on top of each other.

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In transcript Tags words, language, linguistics, education, comedy, society & culture, arts, literature, lexicon, vocabulary, etymology, history, entertainment, stories, story, storytelling, audio, personal, emotion, emotional, feelings, empathy, empathetic, sympathy, sentiment, sentimentality, kindness, be kind, Julia Furlan, Sandhya Dirks, Hannah McGregor, novels, books, fiction, genre, journalism, 18th century, 19th century, imperative, immanent, complexity, audience, manipulation, Bible, parables, allegory, trauma, death, Queen Elizabeth II, the Queen, tropes, thoughtstoppers, meat, unicorns

Allusionist 159 Bufflusionist transcript

August 20, 2022 The Allusionist

HZ: ‘Vampyre’ with a Y was pretty interchangeable with ‘vampire’ with an I when it first landed in English. Actually, I think the first appearance in English was with a Y. We probably got it from French or German, but it was based on - it’s a little unclear, but it was based on Hungarian, possibly, or Slavic languages. And it was because, at the time, they were doing a lot of coverage of the Serbian vampire epidemic of 1725 to 1732.
JENNY OWEN YOUNGS: Oh, of course.
HZ: Apparently there were a lot of Eastern European vampire epidemics.
KRISTIN RUSSO: What is a vampire epidemic?
HZ: I assume an epidemic of vampires. Imagine Covid, but for vampirism. And no vaccine. No masking is going to save you.

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In transcript Tags etymology, history, entertainment, Buffering the Vampire Slayer, Jenny Owen Youngs, Kristin Russo, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Buffy Summers, Sarah Michelle Gellar, slang, Joss Whedon, television, TV, teenage, USA, 1990s, 2000s, 1600s, 1300s, 1950s, vampires, weaving, Slaymaker, Latin, nicknames, hellmouth, Christianity, Catholicism, religion, witches, spells, magic, covens, nuns, monks, science, alchemy, occult, plagues, alewives, beer, misogyny, Margaret Murray, wigs, wiggins, flip your wig, headcount, hair, wigpicker, nominalisation, verbs, nouns, generic, Google, googling, brand names, cricket, truckers, military, radio, My So-Called Life, vampyre, Serbia, vampire epidemics, conlang, constructed languages, David J Peterson, Dothraki, Valyrian, Game of Thrones, Klingon, Yulish, Icelandic, beef, liquid beef, meat, git, Napoleon III, food, cows, Victorians, inventions, Edward Bulwer-Lytton, novels, science fiction, fantasy, 5x5, Bovril, Buffy, coven, Elizabeth, grilse, killer, slayer, vampire, wigging out

Allusionist 155 The Tiffany Problem transcript

May 27, 2022 The Allusionist

JO WALTON: What we the readers know about the name Tiffany is incorrect. Nevertheless, as a writer, you cannot use the name Tiffany.

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In transcript Tags words, language, linguistics, education, comedy, entertainment, society & culture, arts, literature, etymology, lexicon, vocabulary, Helen Zaltzman, Jo Walton, The Tiffany Problem, eponyms, history, English, French, medieval, Tiffany, Epiphany, Theophania, old things, fiction, novels, historical, stories, anachronisms, anachronistic, names, first names, last names, naming trends, Breakfast at Tiffany’s, Tiffany’s, Richard Gere, fleer

Allusionist 151 The Bee's Knees transcript

March 19, 2022 The Allusionist

“There's a town in Quebec called Saint-Louis-du-Ha! Ha!, which apparently has the Guinness World Record for most exclamation marks in a town name. Which is two.”

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In transcript Tags words, language, linguistics, education, comedy, entertainment, society & culture, arts, literature, etymology, lexicon, vocabulary, Helen Zaltzman, history, phrases, idioms, slang, Shedunnit, Caroline Crampton, murder mysteries, novels, fiction, writing, writers, authors, detectives, Golden Age, codes, war, spelling alphabets, phonetic, military, diets, dieting, eponyms, William Banting, undertakers, flappers, canary’s tusks, flea’s eyebrows, creature, Frankenstein, monster, whiskey, refrigeration, ditches, Saint-Louis-du-Ha! Ha!, exclamation marks, courtship, sex, Mae West, royalty, opossums, animals, bunt

Allusionist 116: My Dad Excavated a Porno transcript

June 3, 2020 The Allusionist
A116 pornography logo.JPG

HZ: The Victorians really did a number on people. I feel like we're still unpicking Victorian attitudes.

KATE LISTER: Yes, we are. I mean, we're still very much the children of the Victorians, and they're a fascinating bunch, the Victorians. No generation, at no point in history, has sex been successfully repressed, ever. It just doesn't happen. But what you have is really strict social morality, conditioning and mores and constructs and power dynamics around sex that dictate what we are and what we're not supposed to be doing. And outward facing, they were so repressed and polite society and so offended by everything even remotely to do with sex, to the point of where they wouldn't say the word 'trousers' because they thought they were too rude. They were 'sit down upons'.

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In transcript Tags words, language, linguistics, education, comedy, entertainment, society & culture, arts, literature, Helen Zaltzman, etymology, lexicography, erotica, pornography, porn, art, writing, novels, ancient, history, Victorians, 19th century, Greeks, Greek, Latin, French, Romans, Ancient Greeks, Ancient Romans, titillation, titillating, law, legal, court, obscenity, Pompeii, obscene, repression, class, sex, sexuality, Kate Lister, Whores of Yore, Brian Watson, sex work, sex workers, John Cleland, Fanny Hill, literacy, publications, publishing, phallus, penis, winged penises, Fascinus, ichor, Sepoy Mutiny, India, stop and search, police, Hicklin Test, religion, Christianity, Catholic, Protestant, Retif de la Bretonne, comstockery, Comstock, control, Athenaeus, porneia, Deipnosophistae, satire, elitism, evil eye, power, morality, British Empire, Pope, lewd, blasphemy, Britain, England, UK, British empire, New Testament, Bible, Bible translation, translation, translators, archaeologists, archaelogy

Allusionist 104. Words Into Food - transcript

August 18, 2019 The Allusionist
A104 Words Into Food logo.jpg

KATE YOUNG: I can travel through what these characters are eating and what they're doing, and travel to places, to countries I've never been, but also to fantastical worlds that I've never been to and versions of this world that feel very different to my own or are 200 years older than this or one hundred years in the future or any of those things

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In transcript Tags words, language, linguistics, education, comedy, entertainment, society & culture, arts, literature, Helen Zaltzman, etymology, lexicon, vocabulary, omnicompetent, food, cooking, cookery, eating, recipes, cookbooks, cookery books, novels, children’s books, books, reading, writing, fiction, fantasy, Kate Young, Little Library Cafe, Harry Potter, Poirot, Agatha Christie, Lord of the Rings, Pippi Longstocking, Sylvia Plath, The Bell Jar, Babette’s Feast, Bridget Jones, Willy Wonka, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, fantasy worlds, fictional worlds, The Hobbit, Jane Eyre, seed cake, Sherlock Holmes, domesticity, A Christmas Carol, history, historical, Roald Dahl, CS Lewis, The Lion the Witch and the Wardrobe, treacle, treacle tart, ortolans, feasts, meals

Allusionist 98. Alter Ego - transcript

April 27, 2019 The Allusionist
A98 Alter Ego logo.jpg

Today: three pieces about alter egos, when your name - the words by which the world knows you - is replaced by another for particular purposes.

  • How did John Doe come to be the name for a man, alive or dead, identity unknown or concealed in a legal matter? Strap in for a whirlwind ride into some frankly batshit centuries-old English law.

  • At their first bout of the 2019 season, the London Roller Girls talk about how they chose their roller derby names - or why they chose to get rid of one.

  • The 1930s and 40s were a golden age for detective fiction, which was also very popular and lucrative. Yet writing it was disreputable enough for authors to hide behind pseudonyms.

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In transcript Tags words, language, linguistics, education, comedy, entertainment, society & culture, arts, literature, Helen Zaltzman, etymology, lexicography, alter egos, embouchure, John Doe, Jane Doe, Mary Major, Richard Roe, law, legal, history, legal history, anonymity, anonymous, pseudonyms, names, ejectment, property, tenants, land, placeholder names, court case, courtroom, British law, plaintiffs, defendants, Ancient Rome, Romans, Latin, NN, Numerius Negidius, Aulus Agerius, JK Rowling, dead bodies, corpses, unknown, unidentified, Roe v Wade, Doe v Bolton, skating, roller derby, puns, punning, jokes, wordplay, sports, sport, London Roller Girls, LRG, Beyonce, Sasha Fierce, athletes, fonts, Helvetica, novels, fiction, detective fiction, Caroline Crampton, mystery novels, swears, Cecil Day-Lewis, Agatha Christie, Nicholas Blake, pen names, Robert Galbraith, Shedunnit, Detection Club, snobbery, genres, Elena Ferrante, unmasking, Mary Westmacott, books, married names, Max Mallowan

Allusionist 95. Verisimilitude - transcript

March 6, 2019 The Allusionist
A95 Verisimilitude logo.jpg

HZ: Approximately how many languages have you invented at this point?
DAVID PETERSON: I think I've invented over 50 languages at this point. Not all of them are very large in terms of vocabulary size, and not all of them are very good. I had created about 17 before I ever started working on Game of Thrones.

HZ: The languages you hear in Game of Thrones: Dothraki -

[CLIP] Khal Drogo: “Moon of my life, are you hurt?”

HZ - the various dialects of Valyrian:

CLIP: Daenerys: “Valyrian is my mother tongue.”

HZ: - those aren’t the actors making up some gibberish. Those are functional languages, with large vocabularies and complex grammars and etymologies.

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In transcript Tags words, language, linguistics, education, comedy, entertainment, society & culture, arts, literature, Helen Zaltzman, etymology, lexicography, Dothraki, Valyrian, Game of Thrones, George RR Martin, HBO, TV, television, adaptations, books, novels, fiction, fantasy, movies, conlang, conlangers, constructed languages, language creation, neologisms, invented languages, created languages, sf, science fiction, Esperanto, David Peterson, grammar, a priori, a postieri, i-mutation, Old English, Anglo-Saxon, mouse, mice, mouses, vowels, vowel shift, phonology, spelling, morphology, pronunciation, natural languages, naturalistic, evolution, phonetics, phonemes, vocabulary, metaphors, idioms, irregularities, khaleesi, Emilia Clarke, actors, acting, translation, translating, verbs, nouns, plurals
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Allusionist 229. Draculae part 3: Hunting Down the Count
Allusionist 229. Draculae part 3: Hunting Down the Count
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Allusionist 228. Draculae part 2: Surprises in the Vaults
Allusionist 228. Draculae part 2: Surprises in the Vaults
Allusionist 227. Draculae part 1: Enter the Castle
Allusionist 227. Draculae part 1: Enter the Castle
Allusionist 226. Suburbia
Allusionist 226. Suburbia
Allusionist 225. Hues
Allusionist 225. Hues
Allusionist 224. Cosmic Hairball
Allusionist 224. Cosmic Hairball
Allusionist 223. Bonus 2025
Allusionist 223. Bonus 2025
Allusionist 222. A Christmas Carol
Allusionist 222. A Christmas Carol
Allusionist 221. Scribe
Allusionist 221. Scribe
Allusionist 220. Disobedience
Allusionist 220. Disobedience
Allusionist 219. Making Trouble
Allusionist 219. Making Trouble
Allusionist 218. Banned Books
Allusionist 218. Banned Books
Allusionist 217. Bread and Roses, and Coffee
Allusionist 217. Bread and Roses, and Coffee
Allusionist 216. Four Letter Words: Terisk
Allusionist 216. Four Letter Words: Terisk
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The Allusionist by Helen Zaltzman is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.